Word

Definition of Word

            Word is smallest segment of language that can use alone. In  every day we always  use word, when we are speaking or writing.

call up belong to special class of  two verbs like:

1.      Keep on that has a meaning continue

2.      Take off that has a meaning depart

3.      Butt in that has a meaning interrupt

4.      Show up that has a meaning appear

That speakers of English seem to sense a single word. Because there would normally be no pauses between the two parts.

Simple and Complex Word

            Simple word is consist of a single free morpheme. Example : table, chair, book, door ect. Complex word is a word made up of two or more morpheme. A complex word may consist of base (root) and one or more affixes.

Example of two bound form as IC’s : matricide, exclude, televise, cosmonaut

Example of bound and free forms as IC’s : dispomania , telephone, lioness, eraser

Compound Word

            A compound word is combination of two or more word that function as a single unit of meaning. There are three type of compound word :

1.    Open compound (spelled as two word)

Example : Ice cream, Coffee mug

2.    Closed compound (joined to form a single word)

Example : Notebook, Superman

3.    Hyphenated compound (two word joined by hyphen -)

Example : long-term  , sometime, more than two word can form a compound example : Mother- in – law.

Compound word can be distinguished  from grammatical stucture in three ways :

1.    Compound word cannot be divided by the insertion of intervening material between the two parts, but grammatical structure can be so divided.

Example : She is a sweetheart

                  She has a sweet heart

2.    Compound word cannot participate in a grammatical stucture. Compare hard ball and baseball, hard ball is grammatical structure of modifier plus noun.

Example: It was a very hard ball

                It was a very baseball

3.    Some compound nouns, you may recal, have the stress pattern (‘ ^) 

Example : blue bird      blûe bírd

                              Modifier plus a noun

Processes of Word Formation

            Processes of word formation have 11 processes, but in this time i will just explain seven of them.

1.    Compounding

Compounding is simply the joining of two or more word into a single, word, as in hang glider, airstrip, busybody, as the foregoing, example show compounds may be written as one word, as a hyphenated word or as two word.

2.    Derivation

Derivation is the forming of new words by combining derivational affixes or bound bases with existing  word , re-ask. Word like these, some of which you have never heard before, are often formed in the heat of speaking or writing.

3.    Invention

Now and then new words are totally invented like kodak, nylon , but their way into the common vocabulary.

4.    Echoism

Echoism is the formation of word whose sound suggests their meaning like hiss and peewee. The meaning is usually a sound, either natural like the roar of a waterfall or artifical like the clang of bell. But meaning may also be the creature that produces the sound. Example : moan, click.

5.    Clipping

Clipping means cutting off the beginning or the end of word, or both leavinf a part to stand for the whole.

6.    Acronymy

Acronymy is the process whereby a word is formed the initials or beginning segment of a successsion of word. Example : N A T O (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)

7.    Blending

Blending is the fusion of two words into one, usually the first part of one word with the part of another as is gashol.