Affixes

Affixes

            An affixes is a bound morpheme that occurs before/after a base. There are three kinds of affixes : prefixe, infixe and suffixe.

1.      Prefixe are added to beginning of an existing  word in order to create a new word a different  meaning.

Example : - Negative meaning (dis, un, im, in)

-  Quality meaning (mono, uni, tri, bi)

-  Space meaning (inter, intm)

-  Time meaning (pre, post, re, ante) 

2.    Infixe are bound morpheme that have been inserted within a word. There are four kind of infixe : - Inserted (grammar, hip hop slank, language game, camical)

-   Reduplication (big-big, blink-blink, tiny-winy, honey bunie)

-   Proclitic (I wanna, I gonna, I’dance)

-   Internal-change (sing-sang-sung, man-men)

3.      Suffixe are bound morpheme that occur after a base.   

Example : in the end base add such as : -ish, -er, -less, -ize/-ise, -able, -ly, -ous, -tion,  -s, -al and ect.

Inflectional suffixes

NO	Inflectional Affix	Examples	Name
1.	{-spl.}	Dogs, oxen, mice	Noun plural
2.	{-s sg ps}	Boy’s	Noun singular possesive
3.	{-s pl ps}	Boy’s, men’s	Noun plural possesive
4.	{-s 3d}	Vacaetes	Present third-person singular
5.	{-ING vb}	Discussing	Present participle
6.	{-D pt}	Chewed, rode	Past tense
7.	{D pp}	Chewed, caten, swum	Past participle
8.	{-ER cp}	Bolder, sooner, nearer	Comparative
9.	{-EST sp}	Boldest, soonest, nearest	superlative

           

            The inflectional suflixes differ from the derivational suffixes in the following ways, to which there are few exceptions.

1.      They do not change the part of speech.

Examples: sled, sleds (both nouns)

2.      They come last in a word.

Examples: shortened

3.      They go with all stems of a given part of speech.

Examples: He eats, drinks.

4.      They do not pile up; only one ends a word

Example: flakes, working

Derivational suffixe

There are three criteria :

1.      The words with which derivational suffixe combine is an arbitary matter. Example : happyness

2.      A derivational suffixe changes the part of speech  of the to which it is added. Example : act – active (-ive)

3.      Derivational suffixes usually do not close off a word, that is aftera derivational suffix one can sometimes add another derivational suffix and can frequently add an inflectional suffixe. Example : reasonableness (-able , -ness)

Suffixal homophones

            Some suffixes both inflectional and derivational, have  homophonous forms. Homophones is one sound but different meaning, spelling, and grammatical.

Example :  I – eye , to – too – two.

1.      The inflectional suffixe has 2 homophone (-ER cp) or (-ER n)

(-ER n)   : lover, hunder

(-ER cp)  : glitter, chatter

2.      The verbal inflectional suffixe has 1 homophone  (-ING vb) but divided 2 (-ING nm) and (-ING adj)

Example :

I        have     a          meeting           with     my boss                       (-ING nm)

She    is          meeting           with     her boss                                   (-ING vb)

He     built     a          meeting           room                                        (-ING Adj)

3.      Example of verbal inflectional (-D pp) :

                       - D adj

(-D pp)                                  Ex : I was invited to party

                      - D pt

4.      Example of adverbial derivational  suffix (-LY)

                      -LY adv          Adv describe v/adj

(-LY)

                      -LY adj           Adj describe n/pronoun

Noun Feminine Forms

The statue of feminine derivational forms:

Suffixes	Status
- ess	The most common and productive
- stress	Complately dead
- enne + euse	In word borrowed from french
- e	From french
- ster	No longer a feminizing suffix

Word with separate form :

Example : King > Queen , Uncle > Aunt

Noun Diminutive Forms

            A word form or suffix that indicates the smallness. It usually follow by suffix.

1	-ie, -i ,–y	As in auntie, betty, sweetie, willy
2	-ette	As in dinette, towelette
3	-kin, -ikin, -kins	As in lambkin, manikin
4	-ling	As in duckling, darling
5	-et	As in circlet
6	-let	As in booklet, starlet